Monday, 28 December 2009

imf - key issues

http://www.imf.org/

"the guardian of economic stability" rethinks its role give the sytemic nature of the credit crunch:

  1. Surveillance. Consideration should be given to a Board decision on multilateral surveillance that lays out, for the first time, the nature of the Fund’s responsibility to oversee the international monetary system and the engagement of members. Clarifying the remit over the financial sector is important, and the institution can also do more to monitor capital flows and provide guidance on their regulation. New procedures are needed to consider the systemic effects of country policies beyond the coverage possible in bilateral surveillance.
  2. Lending. The crisis has shown the value of actual and contingent financing, and of more flexible instruments. The Fund can build on recent initiatives, but must also be ready to handle systemic crises, rethinking its size and ability to deliver short-term liquidity quickly to several countries simultaneously.
  3. Reserves. The Fund can support systemic stability, providing alternatives to reserve buildup and helping to avoid abrupt shifts between reserve assets.

imf on youtube

Wednesday, 25 November 2009

Monday, 16 November 2009

tobacco price fixing 2008

The six companies agreed to pay £132m to settle the charges with Gallaher, one of two tobacco manufacturers involved in the case, shouldering the lion’s share of the burden after agreeing to pay £93m.
The Times reports that “The six companies fined made prompt admissions of illicit competition practices in return for lenient fines.” - another example of game theory and the prisoners dilemma in action!
Coverage here


BBC news:
Six firms fined in tobacco probe

The Telegraph: OFT’s hefty fines for tobacco price fixing

The Times: Supermarkets and tobacco firm are fined £173m for price fixing

Office of Fair Trading press release

game theory






Cartels OPEC

Interactive chart

Opec home

saunders solicitors

legal aspects of competition policy

Tuesday, 3 November 2009

Wednesday, 21 October 2009

Sunday, 18 October 2009

Sunday, 4 October 2009

Thursday, 24 September 2009

technology and costs question

Explain how technological change can affect a firm's costs of production and its methods of production? 15 marks

what do we mean by technological change?

  • invention + innovation leads to new products and new ways of doing things usually stimulated by R&D expenditure
  • quality and quantity of capital influencing productive capacity
  • new opportunities in product markets or dismantling of barriers to entry

two areas of discussion

  1. affect on costs
  2. affect on methods of production

costs

  • definition: payments made to factors employed
  • technology reduces costs?
  • perhaps technology raises productivity of labour (output per worker reducing variable cost or raises value of output per worker)
  • could lower productivity? facebook at work (bbc)
  • illustrate lower cost
  • may raise fixed costs due to investment costs

methods of production

  • technology encorporated into capital
  • capital intensive v labour intensive
  • knowledge intensive labour (highly skilled and high training requirements) or
  • deskilling?
  • possibility of scale and scope economies
  • 24 hour production 365 days a year
  • weakening unions

links

principle agent problem

peston investigates lehmans collapse (24/09/09)

lehmans chain reacton

lehman on capitol hill

Enron:
smartest guys in the room (trailer)
smartest guys in the room (film in sections)

Saturday, 5 September 2009

A2 Economics 2009-2010

This entry marks the start of blogging for the 2009-2010 academic year. Students can look back on the previous year as a guide to their progress, but remember the specifiaction this year is NEW. Thus there may be some subtile differences in content and focus between ECN3 and ECON 2 and of course ECN6 and ECON 4.

Thursday, 11 June 2009

exam advice

unit 5 and 6 has the same structure and require the same skills and approach:

the compulsory data response 50 marks 45 minutes:

4 sections:

a) data reference 4 marks - two points with two supporting data. in two clear paragraphs of two sentences.

b) explanation 6 marks - raise require number of points use extract to identify relevant points - be brief!

c) analysis 10 marks - brief cause and effect,possibly with diagram support - again use extract to guide you

d) discussion and evaluation 30 marks - think clear structure and paragraphing


  • definitions are your door in then establish theory
  • two issues identified and discussed-possibly advantages and disadvantages
  • data reference -dont forget to you the evidence in front of you to support or criticise your arguement
  • final paragraph evaluation decision on what basis and with what reservations?

essay 1 from 3

a) 20 marks b) 30 marks 45 minutes

essay approach is very much the sameonsection section the only real advice is do not spend too much time on the first section- explain two clear points and get out of there!

diagrams are a great support device- clear labelled and integrated into the discussion- use them!!

all the best

last minute lessons

students like paj holden on youtube:

http://www.youtube.com/user/pajholden

all videos@:

http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=pajholden&view=videos

particularly relevant:

goals of macroeconomic policy

cpi + rpi

phillips curve

absolute and comparative advantage

free trade and protectionism

and his blog:

http://pajholden4u.blogspot.com/

Wednesday, 10 June 2009

schools of economic thought

a possible avenue of evaluation ; the FT has featured a couple of articles in recent days:

History Lessons for Economists (29 may 2009)

Economists Clash of Shifting Sands (9 June 2009)

Monday, 8 June 2009

anatomy of a recession

Overview of the UK Recession (published in November 2008)

paul krugman @ lse

over the next 3 evenings at 6.30 Paul Krugman will be discussing "The Return of Dperession Economics" watch live or later at the following link:

http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/LSEPublicLecturesAndEvents/live/LSELive.htm#Forthcoming_live_webcasts

exchange rates: sterling euro

read over these entries on the Pound Euro exchange rate.

martin wolf financial times

tutor2u blog - economic benefits of a slide in sterling

the euro revision note

european union revision presentation (pdf)

Friday, 5 June 2009

development economics

Rapid Revision Blog has an entry on key issues to do with development. It may be worth your while to look over it. Trade and macro stability are seen as pre-requisites to sustainable growth thus there is scope to included the discussion in a unit 6 answer:

development economics issues

Monday, 1 June 2009

uk economy latest overview

presentation uk economy may 2009

revision focus entries - tutor2u

Unit 5
Business economics
Revision: Short run production and costs
Revision: The Shut Down Point
Revision: Moving away from profit maximisation
Revision: Growth of Businesses
Revision: Economies of Scale and Scope
Revision: Natural Monopolies

Revision: Ownership and Control
Revision: Stakeholders

Revision: Business Pricing Strategies
Revision: Console wars
Revision: OPEC

Labour Markets and Inequality:
Revision: Labour Market Failure
Revision: Trade Unions

Revision: Income Inequality
Revision: The Tax Burden
Revision: Progressive and regressive taxes

Unit 6
macro basics;
Revision: Revising AS Macro for 2008

Revision: Inflation Targets and Measurement
Revision: Cost push & demand pull inflation
Revision Mind Map: Monetary Policy
Revision: The Economics of Interest Rates

Revision: Supply-side of the UK Economy
Revision: Expectations in Economics
Revision: Household Saving

Revision: Recessions
Revision Mind Map: External Economic Shocks

International issues:
Revision Focus: Export Performance
Revision: Capital investment in the UK
Revision: Bonds


Revision: China and the UK Economy
Revision: Climate Change Policies
Revision: Commodity Prices and Economic Effects
Revision: Innovation

Revision: Stocks and Prices


Revision: Improving Evaluation Skills

revision tip 3

tutor2u revision notes:

A new revision presentation on price discrimination http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/revision-price-discrimination-presentation/

Stagflation
http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/revision-stagflation/

A look at the latest data on the output gap:
http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/revision-linking-output-gap-to-other-macro-issues/

Monopsony Power in Markets
http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/revision-monopsony-power-in-markets/

Some new data on UK income distribution
http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/life-in-the-middle-income-distribution-in-the-uk/

Monopolistic Competition
http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/revision-monopolistic-competition/

Labour market failure
http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/revision-labour-market-failure-presentation/

Automatic stabilisers
http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/revision-automatic-stabilisers/

Spare capacity in manufacturing
http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/spare-capacity-in-manufacturing/

Monday, 25 May 2009

revision tip 2

external shocks - especially demand side deflationary recession will play an important role in your macro analysis... tutor2u have just streamed a presentation on the following link:

http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/presentations/external_shocks/player.html

Friday, 22 May 2009

revison tip 1

hi there

check the blogs every day there is always an interesting viewpoint

economics help

rapid revision

tutor2u

for those of you retaking unit 5 there is a revison presentation available from tutor2u on market structure

Thursday, 5 March 2009

british design

british design - why british is best

product / price = international competitiveness

domestic goods are substitutes for imports

exports are substitiutes for foreign produced goods

expenditure switching focuses on changing incentives to increase X and reduce M

X = demand for £
M = supply of £

current account deficit = M > X = S >D = depreciation = change in relative prices and automatic adjustment

but demand inelastic in short run thus price and total revenue flows move in opposite directions to make matters worse. Elastic demand in the long run brings about an improvement in the deficit position (J-curve) given the combined elasticies of X and M are greater than 1 (Marshall Learner Condition exists)

sky news recession

rate cut and quantitive easing
http://news.sky.com/skynews/Business

have your say on quantitive easing (bbc)

euro debate

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2001/uk_and_the_euro/default.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/talking_point/2968540.stm (1993)

Wednesday, 18 February 2009

comparative advantage - manucaturing

manufactured landscapes intro

other clip

developments in the uk economy

http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/teaching-economics/

Interactive Maps
Interest Rates
Interest rates since 1991
Guide tracking interest rates since the Bank of England’s creation in 1694.
Unemployment
Map tracking regional changes in unemployment across the UK since September of last year.
UK unemployment since 1983.
Inflation
Inflation based on CPI measure since August 2006.
Recession
Timeline of the slide into recession over the last 12 months.
A Map of the UK highlighting regional effects of the current recession.
Great feature looking at the last three recessions in the UK.
House Prices
UK house prices since May 2006.
GDP
UK GDP since 1955.
. All avaliable ones can be found by clicking here.

Wednesday, 7 January 2009

preparing for the exam

reading this blog every day will raise your awareness of current issues:
http://www.economicshelp.org/econ.html

sign up for the RSS feed.... also there are some posts on exam technique:

http://www.economicshelp.org/blog/

richard's videos are available on youtube:
http://uk.youtube.com/profile?user=economicshelp&view=videos


bbc economics page for news and video latest:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/economy/default.stm

World news: Globalisation | guardian.co.uk

FT.com - World Economy 2012

BBC News - Eurozone crisis

Business: Eurozone crisis | guardian.co.uk

Euro in crisis -Financial Times

Currency Wars

UK Budget 2013: In depth news, commentary and analysis from the Financial Times

BBC News | Business | UK Edition

BBC News - UK economy

Business: Economics | guardian.co.uk

FT.com - UK Economy news

Latest financial, market & economic news and analysis | guardian.co.uk

FT.com - International economy

IMF Survey Magazine

IMF Survey Podcasts

Wash Post U.S. Economy